巴西沙拉历史纪念馆 Pasir Salak Historical Complex

（Note: The English version is copied from www.asiaexplorers.com)
（备注：原文英文版源自于www.asiaexplorers.com，我将之抄录于此，加以翻译，同时添加一些资讯）
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The Pasir Salak Historical Complex is the site where JWW Birch, the first British Resident of Perak, was killed. The site is in Pasir Salak, 70 km from Ipoh City in southern Perak. Pasir Salak is in the heartland of Perak Malay culture.
巴西沙拉历史纪念馆坐落于怡保市外70公里的巴西沙拉村落，这是当年英国驻霹雳第一人常驻官员毕治（JWW Birch)被杀的地点。巴西沙拉村落是南霹雳境内许多马来族群聚居处的中心点，富含马来文化，其马来式建筑以及手工艺品更是特色之一，这儿的许多传统马来民居都是依照马来传统设计及装饰的木屋。
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Within the area around Pasir Salak are no less than 10 royal mausoleums to past Perak Sultans. It is at Pasir Salak that Perak handicrafts such as gold thread embroidery, Perak ceramics and Malay drums originated. Also from Pasir Salak came the Malay dances such as tarian selendang, lotah, dabus and tarian bubu.
位于巴西沙拉境内有不下十座过去各苏丹遗留下来的纪念馆。许多霹雳闻名的手工艺品例如金线刺绣，霹雳瓷器以及马来鼓就源自于巴西沙拉。著名的马来舞蹈如Tarian Selendang, Lotah, Dabus和Tarian Bubu也都发源于此。
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Pasir Salak is regarded as the place where Malaysia's modern history began. Its a history that was born out of violence, for Pasir Salak is where a famous murder took place: that of James Wheeler Woodford Birch, (better known simply as J.W.W. Birch) the first British Resident of Perak, on 2 November 1875.
Birch was murdered because he was said to have been disrespectful of the Malay rulers, and have enacted laws that were loop-sided. One of those who plotted to liquidate him was Dato Maharajalela who was extremely displeased with Birch for abolishing slavery in Perak - and yet kept slaves within his own household. Dato Maharajalela derived much of his income from raiding Orang Asli villages for slaves, and the abolishing of slavery dealt him a severe blow.
巴西沙拉是马来西亚新历史的起始点，然而它的起始却是充满暴力的，因为巴西沙拉就是英国驻霹雳第一任官员毕治（James Wheeler Woodford Birch）于1875年11月2日被杀的地方。
据说毕治身为常驻官员后利用职责之便推行了很多不公条例，因而侵犯了马来王室。除了对马来王室的不尊敬，其中某些条例更侵犯了某些大臣的权益，因此引来杀身之祸。参与谋杀事件的共有三位英雄人物，他们就是Dato Maharajelela, Dato Sagor和Si Puntun，其中Dato Maharajalela对毕治是极度的不满，因为毕治取消了奴隶制度，可是毕治家中却依然雇用有许多佣人，而Dato Maharajalela其中一个最大收入来源就是到原住民村落寻人然后将之贩卖成为奴隶，毕治取消奴隶制度的条例无形中对他造成了巨大的收入影响，故而引来杀身之祸。
谋杀事件之后，杀死毕治的三位马来英雄最终都被英军判了死刑，并且示众以警惕市民。
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The events leading to the placement of a British resident in Perak was the Pangkor Treaty of 1874, which was the result of the Larut Wars between the Hai San and Ghee Hin secret societies, which were themselves aligned to different factions of the Perak nobility.
有关英国驻霹雳的常驻官员（当地人称之为参政司）是源自于1874年在霹雳邦咯岛签署的【邦咯条约】的产品。根据霹雳州的发展史，霹雳州第一个有人口入住的市镇是拉律（Larut)，也就是今日的太平（Taiping)，这是因为在今日太平湖的地方拥有锡矿，当时陆路交通并不发达，可是由槟城乘船沿海继而沿河到拉律只需大约四十五分钟的时间，所以许多槟城华人都涌到拉律开采锡矿，那时有了海山和义兴两个大帮派，他们各据山头，常常为了争取矿地而战争。这些内战一再导致锡矿开采量大减，影响了英军的生意，所以才应用【邦咯条约】管制，以便可以稳定锡的开采。
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The rebellion of 1875 in Pasir Salak sowed the seeds of nationalism, which manifested itself in the form of opposition to colonialism, to the formation of Malayan Union, and ignited the flame of independence.
这1875年的叛乱事件播下了“民族主义”的种子、启动了反对英殖民的想法，从而导致了马来亚联盟的成立，继而点燃了迈向独立的火焰。
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Today, Pasir Salak is made a historical complex. The brainchild of Perak Menteri Besar Dato' Seri Ramli Ngah Talib, the Pasir Salak Historical Complex was officially open on 26 May 1990. The purpose of the historical complex is to remind the younger generation of the events in Pasir Salak and the fight against colonialism in Perak, and also to remember the struggle and the sacrifice of the warriors to uphold the dignity of the race and country.
霹雳州务大臣Dato Seri Ramli Ngah Talib建议将巴西沙拉改造为一座历史纪念馆，并于1990年5月26为止开幕，其目的是在于借用这纪念馆提醒年轻一代有关争取抗殖民政府的事件的心酸和痛苦，让他们纪念那些为抗殖民而牺牲的英雄们，同时维护民族及国家尊严。
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The Pasir Salak historical complex affords a panoramic view of the Perak River. There are two monuments, one erected by the British for Birch, near the site of the assasination. Another was for those convicted of the crime, Dato' Maharajalela and his followers Dato' Sagor, Pandak Indut, Kulup Ali, Ngah Jabor and Panjang Bur.
There is a time tunnel complex where visitors are taken through a diorama showcasing Malay civilization from the very beginning, traced to Kuala Selinsing, Perak, which existed between 200BC and 1000AD. In addition, Pasir Salak also showcases traditional Malay houses. The murder trial was held at Kota Ngah Ibrahim, near Matang.
站在巴西沙拉历史纪念馆上可以看得到霹雳河全景，纪念馆内有两座纪念碑，其一为英国政府为毕治而建造的纪念碑就耸立在当年他被行刺的地方，而另一座纪念碑则是刺杀他的Dato Maharajelela以及他的随从，其中包括了Dato Sagor, Pamdak Indut, Kulip Ali, Ngah Jabor和Panjang Bur。
另外还有一座被称为时光隧道的建筑，访客可以透过其中的模型展示厅以了解早期、包括了公元前200年至公元1000年之间位于Kuala Selinsing一带的的马来文明。除此，纪念馆内也展示了传统马来屋的样貌。

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